Water-wheel governor.



PATENTED MAY 12, 1908.

J. PEARSONL WATER WHEEL GOVERNOR.

APPLI UATION FILED DEC. 21, 1906.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

PATENTED MAY 12, 1908 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

75% few/60nwtflflmwgs- J. PEARSON.

WATER WHEEL GOVERNOR. APPLICATION FILED DBO 21,1906

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

' JOHN PEARSON, OI? SOMERSET, WISCONSIN, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-THIRD TOJAMES 1. WILLIAM- SON AND ONE-SIXTH 'lO FRANK D. MEl-WHANIT, OFMINNEAPOLIS, MIXi\'l l.' tl'l.\v

WATER-WHEEL GOVERNOR.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 12, 1908 Application filed December 21, 1306.,' Serial No.348,875.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, dons Pmnson, a citizen of the United States,residing at Somerset, in the county of St. Croix and State of Wisconsin,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Water-WheelGovernors; and I do hereby declare thcfollowing to be a full, clear, andexact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilledin the art to which it appertains to make and use the same; Y

This invention relates, broadly, to speed controlling mechanism formotors, the term motorsf being used in a broad scnse, to includegenerally such power producing mechanism as water wheels, steam engines,ex-

plosive engines, dynamos, etc.

The invention has been particularly designed to meet the requirements ofetlicicnt s )eed regulation of water wheels. Many of tie advantagesderived from the application of my improved speed controller to waterwheels, also result from the ap lication thereof to other motors, butfor tlie purposes of clearness and dcfinitcness, the following commentsand illustrations are made in respect to the use of the improvedgovernor in connection with a water wheel.

W'ith a given head of water, a predator-- mined desired speed of a waterwheel, under changing working loads, is. maintained by a regulation ofthe water supplied to the wheel; and for this pur ose an adjustable gateor inlet valve (whicli constitutes the speed controlling element of thewater motor) is commonly provided. To render the power'of the waterwheel available to move the water wheel gate it hasalso been customaryto employ a reversible so-called differential or dynamometer gearing,which gearing usually involves a clutch or friction device by which thegearing is throwninto and out of action, directly or indirectly, bywater wheel driven centrifugal balls or weights. A clutch or frictiondevice in such arrangement requires considerable power to operate itand, hence, centrifugal balls or weights of very considerable size havenecessarily been provided. j

Heavy centrifugal balls or weights do not respond quickly to changes inspeed, and for this reason the governors or speed controllcrs hithertorovidcd for the regulation of water wheels liavc not met therequirements of the service. To illustrate,-with a speed controllingmechanism employing heavy balls or weights, if the working load besuddenly and materially reduced. these heavy balls or weights will notrespond quickly and the opening movement of the gate will not be startedas quickly as should, and consequently there will be material reductionin the speed of the water wheel. Again, if the working load be suddenlyand materially increased, the heavy centrifugal balls or weights willbetoo slow in their movement, and consequently the opening movement ofthe gate will be delayed too long, with the obvious result that in thisinstance also the speed of the water wheel will be materially reduced.

In accordance with my invention, I employ an electrical relay forregulating the n1ovements of the speed cmitrolling element of the waterwheel or other motor, and in connection therewith employ a so-callcdrelay actuator that is subject to changes in the speed ofthe motor. Thisarrangement makes it possible and highly practicable to use, as a relayactuator, very small and light centrifugal balls or weights, running atvery high speed. In fact, a very small and very sensitive tachometersuch as that known to the trade as the Shaefl'cr and Budenbergtachometer, which is extremely scnsitive to speed changes can beadvantageously employed. With this electrical relay, the cur rent usedin the primary circuit thereof may be extremely small, in fact, so smallthat sparks produced between the primary 0011- m tacts are scarcelyperceptible to the naked eye, while the current used in the secondaryclrcuit of the relay may be relalivcly very strong, so that so-calledsecondary magnets therein will be su'lliciently powerful to throw intoaction the gearing or other mechanism used to adjust the speedcontrolling element of the motor. l also provide an improved devicewhich I term an anti-racing device which is operative under initialmovements of the gearing, or mechanism for adjusting the speedcontrolling clemmt of the motor, to break the controlling c' cuit of theelectrical relay, and thus prevent excessive movements of the powercontrolling element of the motor and the consequent racing of the motor.

In applying my improved speed controlling mechanism to a water wheel, Iprefcr ably'employ a reversible di'lferential gearing,

dash pot and'piston for rendering the power of the water wheel availableto adjust the power controlling element, to-wit, the gate thereof. Thisdifferential gearing also preferably includes or is thrown into and outof action by a friction brake, which friction brake is arranged to beactuated by the relatively powerful secondary magnets of the relay. Thevery small and sensitive centrifugal balls or weights which control theprimary contacts of the electrical relay, are driven from the waterwheel and, consequently, are of course subject to changes in speedthereof.

In the accompanying drawings which illustrate the invention applied to awater wheel, like characters indicatelike parts throughout. the severalviews.

- Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view inelevation, showing the improved speed controlling; mechanism applied toa turbine water wheel of standard construction. Fig. 2 is a detail viewpartly in elevation and partly in vertical section showing, on a largerscale than Fig, 1, the socalled anti-racing device in the form of aconnection between a part which is connected for movement with the gateof the water wheel, and certain of the primary contact holders of theelectrical relay; and Fig. 3 is a detail view partly in elevation andpartly in vertical section, showin on a larger scale than in Fig. 1, theso' actuator,.involving centrifugally balls ca led relay actuatedwatcrwhecl driven governor or weights.

The turbine water wheel, to which my invention is shown as a plied, isof standard construction, and of tlie parts thereof it is only desirablefor the purposes of this case to note the casing 1, having an inlet 2and an outlet 3 the water wheel 4, which carries a driving shaft 5; andthe gate or valve 6 connected by a gear segment 6 and pinion 7 to thegate sh ft 7, by means of which it is oscil lated, in one direction toopen the inlet passage, and in the other direction to close said inletpassage. The wheel shaft 5 carries a spur gear 8 and a larger spur gear9. 0n the gate shaft'7 is a spur pinion 10. The power of the Water wheelmay, of course, be transmitted from the main shaft 5, through pulleysand belts or other devices, not shown, but whi -h may be of the usual'orany suitable construction.

Power generated by the water wheel is utilized to move the gate 6, andto this end the wheel shaft 5 is connected to the gate shaft 7, througha reversible differential gearing, preferably constructed as follows:The numeral 11 indicates a counter shaft journaled insuitablebcarings(not shown) andprovided, preferably near one end, with a spur pinion 12.The numeral 13 indicates a vertically movable rack that meshes with thepinions 10 and 12 and is guided for endwise sliding movements bysuitable keepers 14. Loosely mounted on the shaft 11 is a large spurgear 15 that meshes with the large gear 9 on the wheel shaft 5. Alsojournalcd on the shaft 11 is a spur gear 16 that alines with the gear 8on the wheel shaft 5. The numeral 17 in dicates an intermediate spurpinion that meshes with said two gears S and 16 and is journaled insuitable bearings (not shown). The gear 15 carries a bcvc gear 16 andthe gear 16 carries a bcvcl gear 19. The countershaft 11, adjacent tothe bevel gear 18, is provided with one or more radially projectingstuds 20 u ion which are journaled bevel pinions 21 that mesh with saidbevel gear 18. The numeral22 indicates a bevel gear that is Looselyjournaled on the counter shaft 11 and meshes with the pinions 21 and isprovided with or secured to a projecting friction disk or flange 23.

Adjacent to the bevel gear 19 the counter shaft 11 is provided with oneor more radially'projecting studs 24 on which are mounted spur pinions25 that mesh with said gear 19. Journaled on said counter shaft andmeshing with said pinion 25, is a bevel gear 26 that is secured to or)IOVltlOtl with a projecting friction disk or flange 27.

The two friction disks 23 and 27 are but slightly spaced apart, andworking between the same is a non-rotar friction brake or plate 28. Thisfriction brake, is shown, is mounted for lateral movement intoengagement with either of the two friction disks, and it is supportedand given .such movements, by a brake lever 29, pivoted at its lower endand free to vibrate at its upper end. Said brake lever 29 is normallyheld in its central or intermediate position, with the friction brake 28out of engagement with both of said friction disks, by means of acontering device preferably in the form of a pair of pivoted arms 30that are normally spring pressed against an intermediate stop 31, andthe depending ends of which embrace the free upper end of said brakelever 29.

On each side of the free end of the brake lever 29 is one of a pair ofthe so called secondary magnets 32 of the electrical relay, abovereferred to and hereinafter described in detail. The up an end of thebrake lever 29 or a part thereof, acts as an armature, and is adapted tobe drawn in one direction or the other,from its normal position, bywhichever 'of the two secondary magnets 32 is energized.

Operation of differential gate actuating e ar.VVe will assume thatthewater wheel 4 and shaft 5 are running in the direction of the arrowmarked thereon in Fig. 1, and that I idle position shown in Fig. 1, thetwo friction disks 23 and 27, being then free from said brake, arefreely rotated in reverse directions and the counter shaft 11 will thenremain stationary, because the parts which move on said counter shaftmoves in different directions. When the right hand .i'nagnet 32 isenergized, the brake 28 is thrown against the right hand friction disk27 so that the movements of the latter is stopped or retarded, therebycausing the counter shaft 1]. to be rotated in the direction of thearrow marked thereon, and thereby lowering the rack 13 and rotating thegate 6 in the direction of the arrow marked on its shaft 7, 'to ortoward its closed position. WVhen the left hand magnet 32 is energized,the brake lever 29 is drawn. toward the left, thereby throwing the brake28 into frictional contact with the friction disk 23 and therebystopping or retarding the rotation of the bevel gear 22,. When themotion of the bevel gear 22 is stopped or retarded, the counter shaft 1]will be rotated tin the direction reverse to that indicated by the arrowmarked thereon, the rack 13 will be raised and. the gate 6 will be movedto or toward its wide open position.

The numeral 33 indicates a direct current generator of standard or anysuitable construction. The engagement of the primary contacts of theelectrical relay is regulated by a small centrifugal relay actuatorwhich, in one way or another, is driven from and whose speed. usdependent upon that of the water wieel 4. gal relay actuator, 34indicates a pair of resilient links that carry very small balls 34 andconnect the hub of a gear 35 to a collar 36, through which gear andcollar a vertical shaft 37 is passed. The gear 35 is journaled in afixed bearing 38 and is held against endwise movement. The shaft 37 isfree to rotate and slide through the gear 35, but is provided with fixedcollars 39 that-cause it to move vertically with the sleeve 36, underthe action of centrifugal force of the balls 34. The gear 35 meshes witha gear 40 of a shaft 41, which shaft is journaled in suitable bearings(not shown) and is provided with a pulley 42. A belt 43 runs over thepulley 42 and over a pulley 44 on the water wheel shaft 5, and therebytransmits motion from the water wheel to the ball carrying shaft 37. Thelower end of the vertically movable nonrotary shaft 37 is pivot'allyconnected to the intermediate portion of a pivoted contact holder orlever 45.

46-47 indicates a dash pot and piston, the stem of the latter beingconnected to the contact lever 45 and serving to prevent the balls 34and the said contact lever 45 from fluttering. The contact lever.45 hasan insulated free end 45 that is electrically connected to a wire awhich, as shown, is connected to the positive side of the generator Ofthe parts of this centrifu- 33, by a wire m. 'This lever end 45 constitutes one of the three primary contacts of the electrical relay.

48 and 49 indicate contact carrying levers or holders that are pivotedat 50. These contact holders are yieldingly connected, by a light coiledspring 51, that normally holds both thereof against an interposed fixedstop 52. As shown, the lower contact holder 49 is counter balanced by aweight 53. The purpose of the spring 51 is to yieldingly hold saidcontact holders 48 and 49 against the said stop 52; but this same resultmight be accomplished solely by the action of gravity.

Of the parts of theanti-racing device, the numeral. 54 indicates a dashpot that is rigidly connected, as shown, by a stem 55.40 the upper end.of the rack 13. orking loosely within the dash pot 54 is a piston 56,

the rod 57 of which is provided, at its up er end, with lugs or lateralprojections 58 t at engage one with the under surface of the uppercontact holder 48, and the other with the upper surface of the lowercontact holder 49. The weight 53 should beheavy enough. to counterbalance, not only the contact holder 49, but also the piston 56 and itsstem. With this arrangement, if the piston rod 57 moves upward, thecontact holder48 will be raised, and if said piston rod moves downward,contact holder 49 will be lowered.

59 indicates a tubular pipe valve that is rigidly supported at its upperend by suit able fixed brackets 60. This pipe valve depends into thedash pot 54 and works through a perforation in the piston 56, as bestshown in Fig. 2. At its intermediate portion, the pipe valve 59 isprovided with a partition or plug 61, and above and below said partitionit is provided with vertical slots 62. The partition 61 is so locatedthat when the piston 56 stands in its intermediate position, shown inFig. 2, no oil or other liquid contained. in the dash pct 54 can gothrough said pipe valve; but if the piston moves up or down, the oil cango through the slots 62 and through the piston, thereby allowing thepiston to move more freely, as

Preferwillhereinafter more'fully appear. ably, the pipe valve 59 is openat both ends. There should, of course, always be some leakage betweenthe piston 56 and the dash pot 54- and between said piston and theexterior of said pipe valve, so that the said piston can not becomelocked or blocked in its intermediate position, by liquid caged 1n thedash pot. Also, there should be leakage between the-upper head of thedash pot 54 and said rod 57 and pipe 59.

Describing now the electrical relay, 1) and c indicateniagnetic windingscf the so-called primary magnets of said electrical relay. Both of thesewindings are connected inmultiple to the generator 33, by wires d, f, k

and m. The said wires 7c and m, as shown, are connected, respectively,to the negative and positive poles, or terminals of said generator. Thesaid coils b and c surround the upper portions of cores n and 0, respectively, and on the lower portions of said cores are coils p and g1Thesecoils p and g are wound in reverse directions to the coils b and 0,respectively, and the upper terminals thereof are connected by a wire rto the said wire is. W hen the coils p and g are magnetized, theydemagnetize or neutralize the coils b and 0, depending on which of saidcoils p and g is magnetized. The lower terminal 'g of the coil p isconnected, by a wire 8, to a contact 25 that is carried by the free endof the contact holder l8, but-is suitably insulated therefrom The lowerterminal of the coil 9 Y is connected,by a wire u, to a contact v thatis carried by the free end of the contact holder4t)butissuitablyinsulatedtherefrom. These contacts 13 or v constitutethe other two members of the group of the clectricalrelay. \Yith thisarrangement, the upward movement of the lever or contact holder 45 willbring the intermediate primary contact 45 into engagement with the upperprimarycontact t, and downward movement of said lever or holder willbring said contact 45 into engagement with the lower primary contact c.

As shown, the inner terminals of the coil of the brake-actuatingsecondary magnet 32 are connected, by a wire w, to the wire Zr and,hence, to the negative terminal of the generator 33. The outer terminalsof the coil of the right and left hand brake actuating second arymagnet- 32 are connected by' wires it and j, respectively, to fixedcontacts H and J. The said contacts ll and J are located in closeproximity to the upper ends of the cores 0 and a, respectively. Locatedclose. to but just above the fixed contacts H and J, re-

spectively, are similar fixed contacts A and l These two contacts A Bare connected by a wire D to the wire m, before noted, which wire m, itwill be seen, constitutes an extension of the wire a.

E and F are armature levers pivoted at their inner ends wi the free endssubject, res )ectively, to the magnet cores 0 and n, am adapted to bemoved upward by springs G to close the circuit, respectively, betweenthe contacts A-Il and B-J. The parts 45"-t-v, as already noted,constitute a group of primary contacts, and it should be here statedthat the parts A H- B J F E constitute a group of secondary contacts ofthe electrical relay.

M and N are condensers. Condenser N connects across contacts A-H throughwires 1:, 2 and portion of wire D. Condenser M connects across contactsBJ through wires 1 and; z. and portions of wires D-rj. .The concehsers Nand M take u the arc across the said contacts A-H and --J and cause themagnets 32 to release armature and lever '29 more quickly, therebystoppnig the gate from over-travel due to arcing at contacts- Al-l BJ.In practice I have found that the condensers serve to keep the saidsecondary contact clean, so that they will always make good contact andwill not wear out so fast, as when said condensers are not employed.

Summary of 0perat'i0n.-\ lhen the water 5 wheel is running at thepredetermined desired speed, the contact holder or lever 45 will be heldin its intermediate position, the

three primary contacts 45, t and v will be and the brake 28 will be heldin its intermediate or ldle position, out of contact with the rotatingtric-tion disks 23 and 27. 1f the speed of the water wheel increasesabove the [)IBtlG-llGIli'llllOtl desired speed, the centrifug5 gallyactuated balls 34 will move outward and cause the shaft 37 andcont-actholder 45 to move downward, thereby moving the intermediate primarycontact 45 into engagement with the lower primary contact t tlltl thusallowing the electricity to tlow through the coil or winding 7. Thisneutralizes coil 0 and demagnetizes core 0 and allows right hand springG to raise armature lever E.

\N'hen said armature E is thus raised by said 9:,

spring, it closes the circuit between contacts A-H and thus causes theelectricity, from the generator 323,- to How through the right handbrake-actuating magnet coil 32, by

way of wires Ir, w, h, l) and m. As already 00 described, when theright'hand brake actuating secondary magnet 32 is energized, the brake28 is drawn toward the right and, through the differential gateactuating gear,

the gate 6 is moved toward its closed posi- 1o; tion. The water passingto the wheel possesses such inertia that it can not respond quickly tochanges in the position ofthe gate and could not change the speed of thewh el,

or rather, bring the speed of the wheel to ie 11 predetermined desiredspeed, before the gate would have passed the correct position for thenew load" and, hence, would produce racing oi the wheel. This, however,is

prevented by the action of the dash pot' 5a and piston 56 (of theanti-racing device), the former of which is connected to and movesdownward with the rack 13, when said rack is moved downward, in the actof closing the gate.

dash pot 54 carries the piston 56 and its rod 57 downward and causes thelower lug 58 to move the contact holder at) downward and therebyseparate the contact '0 from the in termediate primary contact 45,before the gate 6 has been moved too far. When the circuit is thusbroken between the said contact members i) and 45, the coil 9 isdenergized, the coil 0 draws the armature E downward, breaking thecircuit between the conheld out of engagement as shown in Fig. l, 5

This downward movement of the 120 also stops the further downwardmovement of the dash pct 54 and piston 56. The dash pct 54 being rixedto the rack 13 is moved upward therewith, carrying the piston 56 and itsstem upward, and causing the upper lug 58 to raise the upper contactholder 48 and, move the contact t out of engagement with the contactlever-45, thereby breaking the circuit at that point, before the gate ismoved too far, in the direction of its wide open position. This timelystopping of the upward.movement of the rack 13, also, of course, stopsfurther upward movement of the dash pct 54, piston 56 and contact holder48, so that the spring 51 (preferably assisted by gravity of the parts)then starts moving the upper contact holder 48 and contact 0 downward totheir normal position, to-wit, to a position in which said contactholder engages the stop 52. The )ipe valve, so called, operates the sameboth under upward and downward movements of the dash pot,,or in otherwords, both under closing and opening movements of the gate 6, exceptthat under the latter the oil finds its free passage through the upperslots 62 of the said pipe valve 59.

When the speed of the water wheel falls below the redetermined desiredspeed, the centrifugally actuated balls 34 move inward, thereby raisingthe contact lever 45 and moving the same into engagement with thecontact t, thereby closing the circuit at that point and causingelectricity to flow through the coil or windings 7). When the coil p ismagnetized, it neutralizes the coil 1) and de magnetizes the core a,thus allowing the ar mature F, under the action of the left hand springG, to move upward and close the circuit between the contacts B-J. Whenthe circuit is closed between the contacts BJ, electricit from thegenerator 33 flows through the coil 0 theleft hand brake controllingmagnet 32,byway of wires k, w, j, D and 'm. Also, as already described,wh en the left hand brakeactuating secondary magnet 32 is energized,the brake 28 is moved toward the left, thereby, through the differentialgate actuating gear,-causing the rack 13 to move upward and the gate 6to be moved toward its wide open position. Just as soon as the dash potstops, the action of thrspring 51, (assisted preferably by gravity ofthe arts) starts moving the upper contact hol er 48 downward andcontinues such movement until it strikes the stop 52. This downwardmovement of the contact holder 48, of course, carries the piston 56downward with it. If the contact t should be carried too far away orupward from'its i rlllitl position, the piston '56 would pass abovethepartition 61 of the pipe valve 59, and the oil or other liquid withinthedash pct 54 may then flow freely through the upper slots 62, and thusallow the piston to return more freely and quickly to its normalposition, to-wit, to a position in which the contact holder 49 bearsagainst the stop 52. It will thus be seen that the anti racing devicemade up of the dash pot 54 and piston 56 is self adjusting to differentpositions of the rack 13 and, consequently to different positions of thegate 6. Otherwise stated, after each gate adjusting action, the piston56 is-returned to its centered or nor mal position with respect to thes0-Called pipe valve 59 and its partition 61, while the dash pot mayassume various different posi tions in respect to said piston. Stated inanother way, if the working load of the water wheel be very light, sothat the gate 6 is opened but slightly, the dash pot 54 will be in alowered position, while if the working load on the water wheel is veryheavy, so that the gate 6 is wide open or nearly so, said. dash pot willbe in a raised. position with respect to the position shown in thedrawings, but the piston 56 will stand in its centered osition withrespect to the pipe valve 59, in 0th instances, as long as thepredetermined desired speed of the water wheelie maintained.

In the drawings, for the purpose of simplifying the construction anddescription, the so-called primary magnets nbp and 0-cq and thesecondary magnets 32 are shown as provided with straight cores, but inpractice it will be understood that horse shoe magnets, or magnetshaving U-shaped cores would be used, on account of the much greaterefficiency of the latter type of magnets. Also, in practice the coils dpwould preferably be wound one over the other, but, of course, in reversedirections, and the same statement is true with respect to the coils Theterm electrical relay is herein used in a broad and liberal sense todesignate the electrical or magnetically actuated part of the mechanismfor adjusting the speed con trolling element of the motor.

The expression gearing or power driven gearing as herein used todesignate the mechanism by which the power controlling element of themotor is adjusted, is used in a broad sense and is not limited to bevelgears, spur gears,or any other kind of toothed gears or'friction gears.

The mechanism described has been put into actual use in connection witha water wheel and has been found highly efficient for the purposes hadin view.

What I claim is:

1. The combination with a motor, an electrical relay and connections foradjusting the controlling element of said motor, substanavailable toadjust t tially as described.

2. The combination with a motor, of an electrical relay comprisingprimary and secondary cont-acts, primary and secondary magnets, andconnections for adjusting the speed controlling element of said motor, a

relay actuator subject to changes in speed of said motor and comprisinga circuit'controlcontact cooperating with said primary contacts, and ananti-racing device comprising an extensible connection between saidprimary contacts and ,a part connected for movement with the speedcontrolling element of said motor, substantially as described.

The combination with a motor, an electrical relay and connections foradjusting the speed controlling element of said motor, a relay actuatorsubject .to changes in speed of said motor, and an anti-racing devicecomprising a dash pot and piston constituting an extensible connectionbetween certain of the contacts of said relay and a part connected formovement with the speed controlling ele:

ment of said motor, substantially as described.

4. The combination with a motor, an electrical relay and connections foradjusting the speed controlling element of said motor, a relay actuatorsubject to changes in speed of said motor, and an anti-racing devicecomprising a dash pot'and piston constituting an extensible connectionbetween certain of the contacts of said relay and a part-connected formovement with the speed controlling element of said motor, and yieldingmeans tending to restore said piston to normal position irrespective ofthe position of said dash 0t. 5. The combination with a motor, 0 anelectrical relay comprising primary and secondary contacts, primary andsecondary magnets and connections for adjusting the speed controllingelement of the motor, a relay actuator'subject to changes in speed'ofsaid motor and having a circuit controlling contact cooperating withsaid primary contacts, an anti-racing device comprising a dash pot andpiston constituting an extensible connection between said primarycontacts and a part-connected forimovement with the speed controllingelement of said motor, and yielding means tending to restore said pistonand primary contacts to normal ositions irrespective of the position ofsaid ash pot. 6. The combination with a motor and a gearing forrenderingnthe power of the motor e speed controlling element of saidmotor, of an electrical relay with connections fdr 'controllingsaidgearing, a re' electrical relay and connections foradjustmg lay actuatorsubject to changes in speed of said motor, and an anti-racing deviceoperative, under initial movements of said gearing, to interrupt thegear controlling action of said relay, which relay actuator isself-adjustable/to difi'erent positions of the said speed controllingelementof said motor, substantially as described.

7 The combination with a motor and a reversible gearing for renderingthe'power of the motor available to adjust the speed controlling elementof said motor, of a reversely acting electrical relay with connectionsfor controlling said reversible gearing, a relay actuator subject tochanges in speed of said motor, and an anti-racing device operative,under initial movements of said gearing, to interrupt the gearcontrolling action of said relay, and which relay actuator is selfadjustable to difl'erent positions of the said speed controlling elementof said motor, substantially as described.

8. The combination with a water wheel and a reversible gearing forrendering available the power of said wheel to adjust the speedcontrolling element of said wheel, of a reversely acting friction brakefor rendering said gearing operative, in either of two directions, areversible relay actuator including a centrifugal governor subject tochanges in speed of said water wheel, an electrical relay comprisingprimary contacts subject to the control of said relay actuator, primarymagnets controlled by said primary contacts, secondary contactscontrolled by said primary magnets, and secondary magnets controlled bysaid secondary contacts and operative on said brake to'reverse theaction of said gearing, substantially as described.

9. The combination with a motor and a reversible gearing for renderingavailable the power of the motor to adjust the speed controlling elementof said motor; of a reversely acting, electrical relay with connectionsfor controlling the action of said reversible gearing, which relaycomprises yieldingly held outer primary contacts, an intermediateprimary contact, primary magnets controlled y said primary contacts,secondary contacts controlled by said primary magnets, and 'a pair ofreversely acting secondary magnets controlled by said secondary contactsand operative to reverse the action of said reversible gearing; a relaactuator subject to changes 1n speed of sin motor'and operative on saidintermediate primary contact of said relay; and an anti-racing devicecomprising a.

dash pot and piston and a cooperating piston centering valve, said dashpot and piston constituting an extensible connection between the outerprimary contacts of said relay and a movable part of said reversiblegearing, substantially as described.

10. The combination w th a motor, and an iso r extensible connectionbetween certain of the contracts of said relay and a part connected formovement with the speed controlling element of said motor, and acentering valve extending into said dash pot and through said piston,provided with an intermediate plug or partition and with passages aboveand below said partition, substantially as described. Y

11. The combination with a motor, of'an electrical relay comprisingprimary and secondary contacts and primary and secondary magnets, andconnections for adjusting the speed controlling element of said motor, arelay actuator subject to changes in speed of said motor, and acondenser connected across the secondary contacts of said relay,substantially as described.

12. The combination with a water motor, including a wheel and a gate, ofa reversible gearing for rendering the power of said wheel available toadjust said gate, an electrical relay with connections for reversing theaction of said gearing, a relay actuator subect to changes in speed ofsaid water wheel, and an anti-racing device, comprising a dash pot andpiston constituting an extensible connection between certain of thecontacts of said relay and 'a part of said reversible gearing throughwhich motion is imparted to said gate, substantially as described.

13. The combination with a water motor,

including a wheel and a gate, of a reversible gearin for renderingavailable the power of said wheel within said gate, an electrical relaywith connections for reversing the action of" said gearing, a relayactuator subject to changes in speed of said water wheel, an antiracingdevice, comprising. a dash pot and iston constituting an extensibleconnection etween certain of the contacts of said relay and a part ofsaid gearing through which motion is imparted to said gate, and yieldingmeans tending to restore said piston to its normal position irrespectiveof the position of said dash pot, substantially as described. Intestimony whereof I all'ix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JOHN PEARSON. \Vitnesses:

' MALIE HOEL,

F. D. MERCHANT.

